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| Bell, John |
Of Tennessee. He ran for president in the 1860 elections as a Constitutional Unionist, a party comprised of old-time Whigs and other factions, which had views of strict constitutional liberty. |
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| Breckinridge, John C. |
Of Kentucky. Ran for President in 1960, representing the deep South Democrats, largely a sectional party. |
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| Douglas, Stephen A. |
of Illinois, ran for President during 1960, representing Northern and border-state Democrats and some from the lower South, also somewhat of a sectional party.
In this time period, presidential candidates made few, if any, regular campaign speeches. They had spokesmen who represented them in the various states, and issued quantities of pamphlets, printed political speeches and statements. Douglas was an exception. He toured extensively, "spoke often and with deep emotion." |
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| Hamlin, Hannibal |
Of Maine.
Hamlin was elected to serve as Abraham Lincoln's vice president on November 6, 1860. |
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| Johnson, Herschel V. |
Of Georgia.
Stephen A. Douglas' vice-presidential candidate during the 1860 elections. |
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| Lane, Joseph |
Of Oregon.
Was the vice-president candidate on the Southern Democratic ticket with John C. Breckinridge. |
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| Lincoln, Abraham |
Of Illinois, represented the relatively new Republican party in the 1860 elections. On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine was elected his vice-president. |
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| 33 |
The number of states in the United States when Abraham Lincoln was elected President on November 6, 1860. |
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| Whig Party |
The Whig Party was a political party during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party.
In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the presidency and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism. This name was chosen to echo the American Whigs of 1776, who fought for independence and because "Whig" was then a widely recognized label of choice for people who identified as opposing tyranny.
The Whig Party had such members as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, and their preeminent leader, Henry Clay of Kentucky. In addition to Harrison, the Whig Party also nominated war heroes generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Abraham Lincoln was the chief Whig leader in frontier Illinois.
In its two decades of existence, the Whig Party had two of its candidates, William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor, elected president. Both died in office. John Tyler succeeded to the presidency after Harrison's death but was expelled from the party. Millard Fillmore, who succeeded to the presidency after Taylor's death, was the last Whig to hold the nation's highest office.
The party was ultimately destroyed by the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery to the territories. With deep fissures in the party on this question, the anti-slavery faction prevented the renomination of its own incumbent President Fillmore in the 1852 presidential election; instead, the party nominated General Winfield Scott. Most Whig party leaders thereupon quit politics (as Lincoln did temporarily) or changed parties. The northern voter base mostly joined the new Republican Party. By the 1856 presidential election, the party was virtually defunct.
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